Gambling involves staking something of value (money, materials or personal possessions) on an event with an uncertain outcome. This element of uncertainty makes gambling risky and often carries with it the threat of losing more than is invested, which has given the activity a poor reputation in many societies throughout history. The legal definition of gambling varies by country, but most governments have some form of regulatory framework in place that seeks to maintain fairness and prevent exploitation.
In some cases, the compulsion to gamble can lead to significant problems with health, work and relationships. People may start to use money they don’t have, or they might borrow, sell or even steal in order to fund their addiction. They might also become obsessed with gambling and spend much of their time on the activity, despite negative consequences to their daily lives. Those who are addicted to gambling may be at high risk for a variety of psychological disorders, including depression and bipolar disorder.
It can be difficult to recognise a gambling problem because it is a hidden and largely private behavior. It’s also common for people with gambling problems to try to conceal their problem from others and avoid seeking help.
Psychiatrists can assess an individual’s level of gambling problems by using the Diagnostic Interview for Gambling Severity (DIGS) tool, which is administered by trained clinicians. The DIGS includes 10 criteria, which can be grouped into three clusters or dimensions: damage or disruption, loss of control and dependence. The criterion that measures damage or disruption includes things like being preoccupied with gambling, putting more and more time into the activity, lying to family members about their gambling habits, or having suicidal thoughts. The criterion that measures loss of control includes being unable to stop gambling or controlling the amount of time spent gambling, chasing losses, or going on gambling sprees. The criterion that measures dependence includes being unable to stop gambling, needing larger and larger amounts of money to be excited, and being unable to quit or cut down on gambling activities.
Some people can overcome the urge to gamble by distracting themselves with other healthy activities, such as exercise, spending time with friends or family, and eating a healthy diet. Others find it helpful to join a support group, such as Gamblers Anonymous. In addition, reducing access to money by removing credit cards from your wallet or limiting your online betting can be an effective strategy. Lastly, some research suggests that hypnosis can be used to treat gambling problems. However, it is important to note that a person with gambling addiction can experience relapses even after successfully stopping the habit. In extreme circumstances, this can lead to self-harm or suicide. In these cases, it is essential to seek professional help as soon as possible.